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Dandruff is an overproduction and build-up of dead skin cells. It occurs as snowy dust-like flakes. Dandruff can also be defined as the shedding of dead skin cells from the scalp at an excessive rate. This is the result of normal growing process of the skin cells of the scalp. Our scalp and the rest of the body are covered with skin cells. As the skin renews itself, the top layer of old cells die and scales off. Normally the entire renewal process takes 2–3 weeks. In some cases, there is an increased production of cells, causing the dead ones to pack together and build up as dandruff on the scalp.

Dandruff may occur in any age group and at any time. In cases of chronic dandruff, the condition may affect the skin around the nose, eyes, ears and chest area.

What are the causes?

Dandruff is a minor problem but it can be very embarrassing. Dandruff is seasonal. It is more severe during the winter and mildest during summer. The causes of dandruff include:

* Oily scalp
* Infection caused by an organism Pityrosporum ovale.
* Excessive use of shampoos, hairsprays, hair curlers and gels.
* Improper use of hair colouring products.
* Infrequent shampooing or cleaning of the hair.
* Stress, anxiety and tension.

What is the treatment?

Since dandruff is a natural process it cannot be eliminated, it can only be controlled. The simplest treatment is frequent and effective shampooing of the hair and the scalp. Mild dandruff can be treated by regularly shampooing the scalp with a mild, non-medicated shampoo. If this does not help, a medicated dandruff shampoo can be used. Shampoos containing cytostatic agent, such as selenium sulphide or zinc pyrithione can be used. These agents reduce the growth and multiplication of horny cells (top layer of skin on the scalp). Shampoos containing selenium sulphide should not be used if there is a cut or abrasion on the scalp. Other ingredients in the shampoos that treat dandruff are coal tar preparations, salicylic acid, sulfur and a combination of salicylic acid and sulphur. Nizoral AD, is a shampoo that specifically targets P.ovale and treats flaking and itching.

Vinegar Wonder:

• Add six spoonfuls water, two spoonfuls pure vinegar and apply it on the scalp with cotton wool before going to bed. Tie a towel around your head to protect the pillow. Wash your hair next morning. After shampooing, rinse again with vinegar water. Continue this once a week for at least three months.

• Mix a spoonful of lemon juice with two spoonfuls of vinegar and massage on the scalp. Wash your hair with an egg shampoo after this.

Methi Power:

• Soak fenugreek (methi) seeds in yogurt overnight and apply the curd on your scalp for half an hour before washing in the morning.
• Just soak the fenugreek seeds overnight in water to soften the seeds and grind in the morning to make paste. Before hairwash, apply this paste on scalp and hair and leave it on for half an hour. Wash off with shampoo later.

An Egg Pack:

• Beat two eggs and add two tablespoons of water to it.
• Wet the hair and apply the egg mixture over the hair.
• Now massage your scalp and let the mixture on for ten minutes to fifteen minutes. Then rinse the hair with lukewarm water.

Amla Power:

• Amla is rich in iron and considered to be very nourishing for strong and healthy hair. Add amla juice to lemon juice and massage your scalp with firm fingers.
• Wash after half an hour.